GeoBIM solutions for the Digital Building Permit process
Management Summary
This use case formalizes the end-to-end Digital Building Permit (DBP) process established in the scope of the CHEK project to enable the automation of compliance checks and enhance the building approval experience. It describes BIM and GIS integration workflows based on open standards such as IFC, CityGML/CityJSON, IDS, and LoIN and ensures that every data exchange and validation step is transparent, repeatable, and interoperable.
Each process step is linked to explicit Exchange Requirements (ERs) and Level of Information Need (LoIN) definitions. This approach guarantees that municipalities, designers, and software vendors share the same understanding of the information required for automation and legal traceability.
Use Case Description
BIM plays a central role as it is the format (IFC) in which applicants are required to submit their building proposals to competent authorities (municipalities). The process lifecycle involves:
- Pre-submission (Applicant) – City data collection (CityGML/CityJSON), zoning API integration, design authoring in IFC with LoIN compliance, and pre-check using the same rule engine as municipalities.
- Digital Building Permit (Municipality) – Official submission of validated IFC via the CHEK platform, automatic schema and data validation (IDS + CityJSON), visual review, automated rule-checking (Pass/Fail/Discussable), and digital approval.
- Post-permit & As-built Integration – As-built model updates, BIM2GEO conversion to CityGML, and integration into the municipal 3D city model for long-term digital twin management.
Each phase aligns with geometric, alphanumeric, and documentary LoIN requirements and operational validation through shared rule engines (VCMap, Verifi3D, CYPEURBAN).
Delivery Performance / Output
As an end-result to the standardised DBP process, the following output are produced:
- Faster administrative approval of a building’s permit
- As-built IFC model of the building
- As-built equivalent GIS model of the building
- Enriched / up-to-date city model for the municipalities
Input
- BIM and Geo data conforming to IFC 4.3 ADD2, CityGML/CityJSON v3 profiles
- Zoning, cadastral, and terrain data via OGC APIs
- IDS and LoIN templates derived from CHEK’s Ascoli Piceno pilot
Life Cycle Stages
ISO 22263
BIM objectives / benefits
- Enable automatic, transparent regulatory checking across jurisdictions
- Increase trust through standardized, machine-readable validation
- Reduce manual review time for municipalities and applicants
- Foster cross-platform interoperability using open standards
Delimitation
The use case does not address legal text interpretation or national-specific approval procedures; it focuses on the digital and technical processes enabling automation.
Prerequisite / framework conditions
Implementation requires an DBP environment based on OpenAPI and OGCAPIs shared rule engines, and alignment with standards from bSI, OGC, ISO 7817-1, ISO 19650-4, and ISO 23386
Abbreviations
DBP – Digital Building Permit
IFC – Industry Foundation Classes
IDS – Information Delivery Specification
LOIN – Level of Information Need
UCM – Use Case Management
OGC – Open Geospatial Consortium
bSI – buildingSMART International
IFC / IDS
Undefined
Software, Tools & Services
Several software tools were developed in the scope of the CHEK project to support the different actors through different parts of the process map. All together they represent an ecosystem of open-source and proprietary software that enables digital building permitting for municipalities and applicants. Below is a list of each tool with a short description and its role in the process.
VC Map CHEK Plugin (Pre-submission)
VC Map is a JavaScript framework and API for building dynamic, web-based map applications that support the integration of 2D data, oblique imagery, and large-scale 3D geospatial datasets. It provides a set of configurable tools and plugins for map interaction, while also exposing an API that allows developers to extend functionalities or embed VC Map components into other applications.
Within the CHEK project, VC Map is used as a front-end environment to support different stages of the Digital Building Permit (DBP) workflow. Its role can be summarized in three main steps:
- Information collection (applicant): VC Map allows applicants to gather initial contextual information such as terrain models, surrounding buildings, and plot data from the city model.
- Pre-checking of rules (applicant): Applicants can use VC Map for visualization, placing the building design in the map for visual inspection and preliminary assessment before submission.
- Automated rule-checking (municipality): VC Map connects to the CHEK DBP platform to support municipalities in running compliance checks, where the submitted design is tested against specified rules.
Through these functions, VC Map acts as a shared interface between applicants and municipalities, linking geospatial and BIM data with compliance checking services in the DBP process.
CityGML Checker (Pre-submission)
The CityGML Checker is an application for validating semantic and geometric aspects of CityGML or CityJSON datasets. It verifies data requirements such as whether all buildings contain at least a wall or whether they conform to a required Level of Detail. Validation rules can be defined using SHACL or built from available rule blocks. The tool is available as a hosted service or via Docker, with execution supported both through a user interface and OGC API Processes.
Within the CHEK project, the CityGML Checker contributes to the pre-submission stage (applicant): it enables applicants to validate CityGML or CityJSON models against geometric and semantic requirements, ensuring conformance with specified rules before further processing.
RDF Converter - GIS to BIM (Pre-submission)
This solution converts GML, CityGML, or CityJSON datasets into IFC files (IFC4 ADD2 TC1). It retains geometry, mapped items for reused geometry, and property information. Classifications are preserved and mapped to IFC, while colors can either be maintained or overridden according to user preferences. A mapping table allows user-defined alignment of CityGML semantics with IFC properties to ensure conformity with IDS.
Within the CHEK project, the GIS to BIM converter contributes to the pre-submission stage (applicant): it enables applicants to transform CityGML or CityJSON datasets into IFC models, preserving geometry, semantics, and classifications for use in the subsequent rule-checking process.
IFC Envelope Extractor - BIM to GIS (Pre-submission)
The IfcEnvelopeExtractor automates the extraction of building shells from IFC models and converts them into CityJSON models. This process enables rapid analysis of designs at the city scale, avoiding the need for manual conversion. The tool can generate CityJSON models with overhangs (LoD 3.0, 3.2, and voxelized shapes) as well as interior spaces and storeys across various levels of detail (LoD 0.2, 0.3, 1.2, 2.2, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, and voxelized). Extraction can be tailored depending on the model’s quality and the required LoD.
Within the CHEK project, IfcEnvelopeExtractor contributes to the pre-submission stage (applicant): it enables applicants to convert IFC models into CityJSON by extracting outer envelopes at different levels of detail, providing semantic input for compliance checking and situating the design within its geospatial context.
IfcGref (Pre-submission)
IfcGref is a web-based tool designed to enable accurate georeferencing of IFC files, thereby supporting the integration of BIM and GIS data. The tool introduces the main concepts of IFC georeferencing and provides a step-by-step workflow for aligning IFC models with real-world coordinates. Users can upload IFC files, select a georeferencing method, input additional geographic data where necessary, and download a georeferenced version of the file. The tool also includes visualization capabilities, allowing users to inspect the georeferenced IFC file against basemaps such as OpenStreetMap, 3D, or satellite imagery. It further supports the adjustment of vertical rendering to refine model placement in the spatial context.
Within the CHEK project, IfcGref contributes to the pre-submission stage (applicant): it enables applicants to verify whether an IFC file is correctly georeferenced, and where needed, to improve accuracy by adding surveying points before proceeding with rule-checking and validation.
RDF Express Validation - IFC Checker (Pre-submission)
The IFC Checker validates IFC or STEP files against the EXPRESS schema defined by ISO 10303-11. It further supports validation against IDS 1.0 files and checks Property Set Definitions (PSDs) to ensure compliance with predefined property sets in the IFC standard.
Within the CHEK project, the IFC Checker contributes to the pre-submission stage (applicant): it allows applicants to validate IFC files against the EXPRESS schema, IDS requirements, and property set definitions, providing automated quality assurance prior to submission.1
DiRoots Exporter - IFC Exporter (Digital Building Permit)
The IFC Exporter consists of plugins for Revit and Archicad that support exporting BIM models in IFC format for submission. The installation and use process is covered by CHEK demonstration videos, showing how models can be exported in line with Information Delivery Specification (IDS) requirements.
Within the CHEK project, the IFC Exporter contributes to the submission stage (applicant): it allows applicants to export IFC files from Revit or Archicad in accordance with Information Delivery Specification (IDS) requirements before uploading them to the CHEK platform.
IFC Digital Signature (Digital Building Permit)
The IFC Signature module provides functionality for digitally signing IFC files, ensuring both proof of origin and proof of non-adulteration. It is available as a standalone module or via a REST API for integration into workflows. Two strategies are supported: embedding the signature and metadata inside the IFC file itself or storing the signature separately. This ensures authenticity and integrity of submitted files in the DBP process.
Within the CHEK project, the IFC Signature service contributes to the submission stage (applicant): it provides applicants with the means to digitally sign IFC files, ensuring both proof of authorship and protection against subsequent modification before the model enters the validation workflow.
CYPEURBAN (Digital Building Permit)
CYPEURBAN is a software application designed to evaluate urban planning compliance directly on IFC models. It focuses on regulatory parameters such as plot dimensions, occupancy, buildability, and building heights. Within the Digital Building Permit (DBP) process, it functions as a tool for assessing whether proposed designs meet applicable planning regulations.
In the context of the CHEK project, CYPEURBAN is applied at two stages:
- Pre-checking of rules (applicant): Applicants can use CYPEURBAN to check their designs against specified planning rules prior to formal submission.
- Automated rule-checking (municipality): Municipalities can apply the same rule checks to verify compliance of submitted models during the validation process.
This dual role situates CYPEURBAN as a regulatory checking environment that supports both applicants and authorities within the DBP workflow.
Verifi3D (Digital Building Permit)
Verifi3D, developed by Xinaps, is a cloud solution for BIM model checking. It combines a 3D viewer with classification and rule engines that allow creation and reuse of rule templates. The platform connects with multiple common data environments (CDEs) and issue trackers, supporting both open and proprietary formats. Input can include IFC or Revit models along with encoded regulations (e.g. CHEK WP2 rules). Outputs include interactive results, Excel/CSV exports, BCF, and links to issue trackers such as BIM 360, BIMcollab, and BIM Track.
Within the CHEK project, Verifi3D contributes to the digital building permit stage (municipality): it allows municipalities to carry out automated rule-checking of BIM models against encoded regulations, with results presented interactively and exportable to common issue-tracking systems.
Project Group
- Akin, Alper - Delft University of Technology (TUD)
- Arroyo Ohori, Ken - Delft University of Technology (TUD)
- Braholli, Orjola - Fraunhofer Italia (FHI)
- Bonsma, Peter - RFD
- Comai, Sara - University of Brescia (UBS)
- Diakité, Abdoulaye - Delft University of Technology (TUD)
- El Yamani, Siham -Delft University of Technology (TUD)
- Ferreiro, Ane - CYPE
- Keijzer, Diana - Delft University of Technology (TUD)
- Noardo, Francesca - Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
- Stoter, Jantien - Delft University of Technology (TUD)
- van Berlo, Léon - buildingSmart International (bSI)
- Villar, Alejandro - Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Copyright
All documents are licensed as a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
(Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0). Further information can be found at
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Handling
The documents reflect the current best practice and do not claim to be complete. They should not to be understood in the sense of a generally valid recommendation or guideline from a legal point of view. The documents are intended to support appointing and appointed parties in the application of the BIM method. The documents must be adapted to the specific project requirements in each case. The examples listed do not claim to be complete. Its information is based on findings from practical experience and is accordingly to be understood as best practice and not universally applicable. Since we are in a phase in which definitions are only emerging, the publisher cannot guarantee the correctness of individual contents.
- Document Type : Use Case
- GUID : D3850754-1352-460E-B883-901A92B6AE13
- Identifier : Horizon Europe 101058559
- Life Cycle Stage : ISO 22263
- Revision : V1.0.0
- Project Status : Approved
- Maturity level : Example
- Published on: Nov 17, 2025
- Last change: Feb 26, 2026
- Publisher: CHEK Building Permit
- Author: Diakite, Abdoulaye | Braholli, Orjola | Bonsma, Peter | El Yamani, Siham | Noardo, Francesca | Stoter, Jantien
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